Old chinese farming tools

Live chat. Narrow your search:. Cut Outs. Page 1 of 7. Next page. Recent searches:. Create a new lightbox Save. Create a lightbox Your Lightboxes will appear here when you have created some. Libr Inf Serv 57 02 — Google Scholar. Q J Econ 4 — MIT press: Cambridge. China Agricultural Publisher, China. Edward Elgar Publishing, London, pp. R Soc Open Sci 4 5. Technol Forecast Soc Change 77 5 — China, N. Conway GR The properties of agroecosystems.

Agric Syst 24 2 — Cracraft, J Reconstructing change in historical systems: are there commonalties between evolutionary biology and the humanities? Palgrave Macmillan, London, pp.

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Edward Elgar Publishing, London. Geels FW Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study. Res Policy 31 — Geroski PA Models of technology diffusion. Res Policy 29 4 — Godelier M The mental and the material: thought, economy and society. Verso Books, New York.

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Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Technol Forecast Soc Change — Pinch TJ, Bijker WE The social construction of facts and artefacts: or how the sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other. Soc Stud Sci 14 3 — Prouty C, Mohebbi S, Zhang Q Socio-technical strategies and behavior change to increase the adoption and sustainability of wastewater resource recovery systems.

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Phys Rep — Zeng X Agriculture. In: Lu Y ed A history of Chinese science and technology. Zhang Q An introduction to Chinese history and culture. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Heidelberg. Book Google Scholar. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Yongping Wei. Reprints and Permissions. Wu, S. Palgrave Commun 5, 77 Download citation. Received : 30 January Accepted : 13 June Published : 09 July Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects History Science, technology and society. Abstract Technology developments have made significant impacts on both humans and the environment in which they live. Specifically, it will answer the following questions: 1.

When was the key historical period of ancient Chinese agricultural technological development? Methods Definition of the ancient Chinese agricultural technology system It is widely recognised that the difference between science and technology is nebulous Bijker et al. Table 1 Classification system of ancient Chinese agricultural technology Full size table.

Table 2 Division of study periods Full size table. Full size image. Table 4 Definition of coding variables Full size table. Results The overall description of the ancient Chinese agricultural technology system The overall system development The total number of agricultural technologies in China was Fig.

Discussion and conclusions This paper aimed to uncover the evolutionary pattern of ancient Chinese agricultural technologies. The key findings and implications for future research and practices are summarised below: The scale of ancient Chinese agricultural technology and its transition stages The development of agricultural technology in ancient China was an extremely slow process.

Key agricultural technologies in ancient China The five technological subsystems in this study are interrelated, each with uneven development over time Fig. Centres and regional inequality of ancient Chinese agricultural technology The development of ancient Chinese agricultural technology also had distinctive spatial characteristics.

References Aharonson BS, Schilling MA Mapping the technological landscape: measuring technology distance, technological footprints, and technology evolution. Before the Iron Age, Chinese farmers used wooden hand ploughs.

These were difficult to use and could not cut through hard soil. It was very hard work and the Chinese farmer would need to press in the plough with his foot while gripping the plough with his hand. It became much easier to farm after the iron plough was invented. Farmers no longer needed to dig in hard with a wooden plough using their feet. After this, strong animals called oxen pulled the plough. Lands that were previously too difficult to plough could now be used to farm on.

Watering the crops also improved over time. Canals were developed and these provided water networks for watering crops irrigation.

The Babylonians in ancient Mesopotamia invented single tube drills around BC, but these never reached Europe or Asia. Chinese farmers generally planted seeds by hand which was time-consuming and ineffective. Most of the seeds never germinated because of pests and the elements. The ancient Chinese found an alternative to this problem. It was developed in the landlocked province of Szechuan, around 1, miles from the sea, in order to get salt from boreholes.

Deep drilling borehole technology slowly improved, and the ancient Chinese were finally able to extract natural gas from the boreholes. The gas was carried by a bamboo pipe to its destination and then used as fuel. By the 11th century, the Chinese were able to drill boreholes over 3, feet deep. The same technology was used to drill the first petroleum well in California in the s.

Porcelain was not a sudden invention, and an ancient form of porcelain existed during the Shang dynasty BC— BC. It was perfected during the Tang dynasty and was exported to the Middle East.

During the Song dynasty — AD , the manufacture of porcelain became highly organized and reached new heights. The Chinese considered south their cardinal direction, and the original compass was created by the Chinese using a lodestone to point south.

This was called the south pointer. The ancient Chinese discovered that a suspended lodestone could turn freely and would point towards the magnetic poles. During the Han dynasty, it was mainly used for geomancy and fortune telling. In the 11th century, during the Song dynasty, the Chinese figured out that the lodestone, which was primarily being used as a divination tool, could also be used to indicate a direction for travelers.

In the book Shorter Science and Civilization in China, Volume 3 written by Joseph Needham, it is stated that the Chinese began to use the compass for navigation between the 9th and the 11th centuries. An archeological survey in at the Lajia site of the Qijia culture discovered some ancient noodles made of grains from millet grass. The 50cm-long yellow strands of noodles are predicted to be 4, years old. Prior to this period, the earliest noodles were thought to have been eaten during the Han dynasty.

There was a huge controversy over whether the Arabs, the Italians, or the Chinese first invented them. The consumption of beer began in ancient China around 9, years ago during the Neolithic period. They used rice, hawthorn, honey, and grapes to make the beer.

Various bronze vessels preserved from the Shang dynasty indicate that they had once contained alcohol. During the Paleolithic period, the Chinese used arrowheads made of stone for fishing and hunting. During the Neolithic period, conflicts began to arise among different groups and the Chinese started to modify their farming and fishing tools into deadly weapons.